All the question comes from Domestication of Animals (Animal Husbandry)

Domestication is the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use.

What is Animal Husbandry? 

Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock

What is Livestock? 

Domesticated animals, especially farm animals, kept for profit are collectively called livestock. e.g. Cattle, buffaloes, pigs, horses, sheep, camels, goats, etc.

It is estimated that more than 70 percent of the world's livestock population is in India and China. However, it is surprising to note that the contribution to the world farm produce is only 25 percent. i.e., the productivity per unit is very low

What is Breed?

A group of animals related by descent and similar in most characters like general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc., are said to belong to a breed

Dairy Farm Management 

Dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption. Milk yield is primarily dependent on the quality of breeds on the farm

1. High Yielding potential
2. Resistance To diseases

For high yielding

1. Cattle have to be housed well, should have adequate water, and be maintained disease-free
2. The feeding of cattle should be carried out scientifically – with special emphasis on the quality and quantity of fodder.
3. Cleanliness and hygiene (both of the cattle and the handlers) are of paramount importance while milking, storing, and transporting the milk and its products.
4. Processes should be mechanized which reduces the chance of direct contact of the product with the handler
5. Regular visits by a veterinary doctor would be mandatory

Poultry Farm Management 

Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food or for their eggs. They typically include chicken and ducks, and sometimes turkey and geese. 

Important components of poultry farm management:

• Selection of disease-free and suitable breeds
• Proper and safe farm conditions 
• Proper feed and water
• Hygiene and health care 

Animal Breeding 

Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and improving the desirable qualities of the produce.

 

Inbreeding 

1. Increases the productivity and quality of product
2. increases homozygosity
3. is necessary if we want to evolve a pure line in any animal
4. exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection
5. also helps in the accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes 

Out-breeding

Mating between unrelated animals

1. Out-crossing

Mating of animals within the same breed, but having no common ancestors on either side of their pedigree up to 4-6 generations.

It is the best breeding method for animals that are below average in productivity in milk production, the growth rate in beef cattle, etc. A single outcross often helps to overcome inbreeding depression. 

2. Cross-breeding

Superior males of one breed are mated with superior females of another breed.

To Be Continued...