HYPOTHALAMUS- RELEASING HORMONES HYPOTHALAMUS- INHIBITING HORMONES PITUITARY GLAND ADENOHYPOPHYSIS GROWTH HORMONE/SOMATOTROPHIC HORMONE(GH/STH) PROLACTIN / LACTOTROPHIC HORMONE(PRL/LTH) ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) THYROTROPHIC HORMONE(TSH) FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE(FSH) Luteinizing hormone(LH) NEUROHYPOPHYSIS HORMONES OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND OXYTOCIN OR PITOCIN OR BIRTH HORMONE VASOPRESSIN OR PITRESSIN OR ADH THANK YOU FOR READING THIS
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the
basal part of the diencephalon, forebrain and it regulates a wide
spectrum of body functions.
It contains
several groups of neurosecretory cells
called nuclei which produce hormones.
HYPOTHALAMUS- RELEASING HORMONES
(1) Growth hormone-releasing factor [GHRF]
Stimulates the secretion of growth hormone.
(2) Thyrotropic releasing factor [TRF/TSHRF]
It stimulates the secretion of TSH.
(3) Gonadotrophin releasing hormone or factor[GnRH]
- Follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor [FSHRF]
- It stimulates the secretion of FSH.
- Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor [LHRF]
- It stimulates the secretion of LH
(4) Prolactin release factor [PRF]
Stimulates the secretion of Prolactin
(5) Melanocyte release factor [MRF/MSHRF]
Stimulates the secretion of MSH
(6) Adrenocorticotrophic releasing hormone (CRH)
Stimulates the secretion of ACTH
HYPOTHALAMUS- INHIBITING HORMONES
(1) Growth hormone inhibitory factor [GHIF]
It inhibits the secretion of GH.
(2) Melanocyte inhibitory factor [MIF]
It inhibits the secretion of MSH.
(3) Prolactin inhibitory factor [PIF] (Dopamine)
It inhibits the secretion of Prolactin.
PITUITARY GLAND
ORIGIN:- Ectodermal.
POSITION:- The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called
Sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum. It is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis.
The anterior part of the pituitary gland.
HORMONES OF ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
- Growth hormone/ Somatotrophic hormone(GH/STH)
- Prolactin/Lactotrophic hormone(PRL/LTH)
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH)
- Thyrotrophic hormone (TSH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
- Luteinising hormone(LH)
GROWTH HORMONE/SOMATOTROPHIC HORMONE(GH/STH)
Stimulates growth of
bone,
cartilage, and soft tissues. Stimulates metabolism
of proteins
fat and
carbohydrates.
- Effect on growth:-
(i) Promotes elongation of bones
(ii) GH promotes mitosis & increases the number of cells in many
visceral organs e.g. liver
(iii) GH stimulates the growth of muscle and cartilage.
- Fat: It Increases lipolysis. Under the influence of the growth hormone fat is used for energy in preference to carbohydrates and protein.
- Carbohydrate:- It decreases uptake of glucose in the cells as a result of which blood glucose level increases. So it is also called Diabetogenic Hormone.
- Protein: It increases amino acid uptake by the cells of the liver & muscles & helps in protein synthesis
PROLACTIN / LACTOTROPHIC HORMONE(PRL/LTH)
Regulates the growth of mammary glands and the formation of milk. Responsible for lactation after delivery. The hormone of maternity.ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH)
Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid
hormones from the adrenal cortex.
(Mainly Glucocorticoids)
THYROTROPHIC HORMONE(TSH)
Stimulates thyroid gland for synthesis and secretion
of thyroid hormone (Thyroxine)
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE(FSH)
- In males, FSH and Androgen (secreted from testes) both regulate spermatogenesis and the normal functioning of Seminiferous tubules.
- In females, FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles In females, FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles.
Luteinizing hormone(LH)
• In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of
hormones called Androgens from testes
• In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature follicles
( Graffian follicles) and maintains the corpus luteum.
HORMONES OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
- OXYTOCIN OR PITOCIN OR BIRTH HORMONE
- VASOPRESSIN OR PITRESSIN OR ADH
OXYTOCIN OR PITOCIN OR BIRTH HORMONE
• Stimulates uterine contraction during the time of childbirth.
• Stimulates milk ejection from the mammary gland.
• In male humans it causes contraction in smooth muscles
of the reproductive tract.
VASOPRESSIN OR PITRESSIN OR ADH
Mainly acts on kidney and stimulates reabsorption of
water by distal tubules and
thereby reducing loss of H2O
through urine (Diuresis)and hence is called an
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Disorder due to
hyposecretion of
Vasopressin (ADH)
Diabetes insipidus
• Micturiting dilute urine several
times a day.
• Excessive thirst (Polydipsia).
• Excessive dehydration.
0 Comments
Post a Comment
If you have any doubt, please let me Know